• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    system for power generation using an organic rankine cycle, method for performing a heat exchange in a power generation system using an organic rankine cycle and method for heating a fluid in the organic rankine cycle in a heat exchanger the material achievements described here they refer in general to energy generation systems and more particularly to organic rankine cycle (orc) systems. according to an embodiment of the invention, the system for generating energy using an organic rankine cycle (orc) comprises: a heat exchanger (402) configured to be entirely assembled inside a duct (406), said heat exchanger ( 402) being configured to include; a single inlet (404) that crosses from an external side of said duct (406) to an internal side of said duct (406); a single outlet (408) that crosses said inner side of the duct (406) to said outer side of said duct (406); and a conduit between said single inlet and said single outlet, said conduit being provided entirely within said duct (406); wherein said heat exchanger (4020 is configured to receive an orc fluid (414) at said single inlet as a pressurized liquid at a pressure greater than or equal to a critical pressure of said orc fluid, to heat said orc fluid to a temperature greater than or equal to a critical temperature of said orc fluid, and to release said orc fluid (415) through said single outlet as a supercritical fluid, and said supercritical fluid is defined by the fact that said temperature is greater than said critical temperature and said pressure being greater than said critical pressure.
    公开号:BR112012012876B1
    申请号:R112012012876-0
    申请日:2010-11-08
    公开日:2020-09-08
    发明作者:Matthew Alexander Lehar；Giacomo Seghi；Giulio De Simon；Sebastian Freund
    申请人:Nuovo Pignone S.P.A.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [0001] The achievements of the matter described here refer in general to energy generation systems and more particularly to Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems. Background of the Invention
    [0002] [0002] Rankine cycles use a service fluid in a closed cycle to accumulate heat from a heating source or a heated reservoir by generating a hot gas stream that expands through a turbine to generate energy. The expanded current is condensed in a condenser by transferring heat to a cold reservoir and pumped up again to a heating pressure to complete the cycle. Power generation systems, such as gas turbines or alternating engines (main system), produce exhaust gases that are either used in a subsequent energy production process (by a secondary system) or lost as heat served to the environment . For example, the exhaust of a large engine can be recovered in a heat recovery system serving to produce more energy, thus increasing the efficiency of the system as a whole. A common power generation system is a Rankine cycle as shown in Figure 1.
    [0003] [0003] The power generation system 100 includes a heat exchanger 2, also known as a boiler, a turbine 4, a condenser 6 and a pump 8. Running through this closed circuit system, starting with heat exchanger 2, a source external heat 10, for example, hot combustion gases, heat the heat exchanger 2. This causes the pressurized liquid medium 12 to become a pressurized steam 14, which flows to the turbine 4. The turbine 4 receives the current of pressurized steam 14 and can generate energy 16 as the pressurized steam expands. The expanded low expression steam stream 18 released by the turbine 4 enters the condenser 6, which condenses the expanded low expression steam stream 18 into a reduced pressure liquid stream 20. The reduced pressure liquid stream 20 thus enters the pump 8, which at the same time generates the increased pressure net current 22 and keeps the closed-loop system flowing. The increased pressure liquid stream 12 is then pumped into the heat exchanger 2 to continue this process.
    [0004] [0004] A service liquid that can be used in a Rankine cycle is organic service fluid. This organic service fluid is called the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) fluid. ORC systems have been developed in retrofits for engines and also for small and medium scale gas turbines, to capture heat served from the hot flue gas stream. This heat served can be used in a secondary power generation system to generate an additional 20% of energy in addition to the energy released by the engine that produces the hot combustion gases by itself.
    [0005] [0005] A conventional boiler 2, which is often used to heat fluids under subcritical conditions, is described below with reference to Figure 2. Initially, a pressurized ORC liquid 204 enters a heat exchanger 202 in a preheating section 206, which is typically located towards the cooling end of a gas stream 218, inside the exhaust duct 216. From a preheating section 206 the ORC fluid moves into a section 208 of the evaporator 208 to evaporation. Because during the transient operation not all of the ORC fluid may have evaporated, the ORC fluid leaves the evaporator section 208 and enters a separating drum 210, which separates any liquid that has not evaporated. The multiple perforations of duct 216, four in this example, are shown by “X” s 220. The steam then re-enters duct 216 to enter an overheating section 212 of heat exchanger 202 for overheating. The steam then comes out as superheated ORC steam 214 on the way to the expansion stage of the ORC cycle. Figure 2 shows a simplified ORC heating system. However, an ORC system includes other elements between the evaporator section 208 and the superheat section 212, traditionally placed outside the duct 216, which are not illustrated.
    [0006] [0006] ORC systems often operate below the critical pressure of the service fluid. When a fluid is below its critical point, but above its triple point (a point where the fluid can coexist as liquid, vapor and solid) along a curve that connects the triple point and the critical point in a pressure diagram x temperature, the fluid can be a gas, a liquid or effect the phase change between the two, for example, evaporating. In combinations of temperature and pressure above the critical point, that is, where pressure and temperature are both above the critical point, the fluid is considered a surface fluid. A graphical representation of these regions is shown in Figure 3 and is now described. Some media, including ORC fluids, can be described using a pressure (P) versus temperature (P) diagram to illustrate some characteristics of the medium under various pressures and temperatures. Point A represents the triple point. Point B represents the critical point for which pressure and temperature are both in their respective Pc and Tc values and beyond that point there is no clear distinction between the liquid phase and the gas phase, that is, there is no phase transition . Curve 302 linking A and B represents those points having various combinations of temperatures and pressure at which the medium can boil, the gas phase being region 304 below curve 302 and the liquid phase being region 306 being above curve 302.
    [0007] [0007] A subcritical region is defined by those points on curve 302, along less than 50% of curve 302. ORC systems generally operate in the subcritical region using different types of heat exchanger models. A heat exchanger like this is a fin-plate plate system, which is generally considered a compact heat exchanger. However, compact heat exchangers are not generally used to heat a service fluid in an almost critical or supercritical reaction in an ORC system because the relatively low pressure vapor generated during boiling creates impractically high pressure drops through the narrow channels within the heat exchanger. Therefore, the fin plate system is used in the subcritical region. ORC systems operating in the supercritical region can generate an increase in the efficiency of the power generation system. However, exchangers for a region like this are expensive to build.
    [0008] [0008] Consequently, systems and methods to reduce cost and increase efficiency by using ORC systems in power generation systems are desirable. Description of the Invention
    [0009] [0009] According to an exemplary embodiment, a power generation system using an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) includes: a heat exchanger configured to be mounted entirely inside a duct, the heat exchanger being configured to include a single inlet that crosses from an external side of the exhaust duct to an internal side of the duct, a single exit that crosses from the internal side of the duct to the external side of the duct, and a duct between the only inlet and the only outlet, the duct being provided entirely inside the duct. The heat exchanger is configured to receive an ORC fluid at the single inlet as a pressurized liquid at a pressure greater than or equal to the critical pressure of the ORC fluid, to heat the ORC fluid to a temperature higher than or equal to the critical temperature of the ORC fluid, and expel the ORC fluid through the single outlet as a supercritical fluid. Supercritical fluid is defined as having a temperature and pressure greater than the critical pressure.
    [0010] [0010] According to another exemplary embodiment, a system for power generation using an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) includes: a heat exchanger configured to be mounted inside a duct. The heat exchanger is configured to include an inlet that crosses from an external side of the duct to an internal side of the duct and is configured to receive an ORC fluid, an outlet that crosses from the internal side of the duct to the external side of the duct and is configured to discharge the ORC fluid, and a conduit connecting the inlet and outlet and configured to heat the ORC fluid. The heat exchanger is configured to operate in a quasi-critical region of the ORC fluid. The quasi-critical region of the ORC fluid is described as an upper half of a curve connecting a triple point and a critical point for the ORC fluid, and the curve is defined by the pressure values and temperature values that define boiling points for the ORC fluid.
    [0011] [0011] According to another exemplary embodiment, a method for performing a heat exchange in a power generation system using a Rankine Organic Cycle fluid includes: receiving in a heat exchanger from a source, where the heat exchanger is configured to be mounted entirely inside a duct, the heat exchanger having a single inlet, a duct and a single outlet; receiving said ORC fluid as a pressurized liquid at a pressure greater than or equal to a critical pressure of the ORC fluid at the single inlet that crosses from an external side of the duct to an internal side of the duct; discharge the ORC fluid in a supercritical phase at the single outlet that crosses from the inside of the duct to the outside of the duct; and passing the ORC fluid through the conduit between the only inlet and the only outlet. The duct is provided entirely within the duct. The ORC fluid is heated to change from the pressurized liquid to a supercritical fluid. The heat exchanger is configured to heat the ORC fluid to a temperature greater than or equal to a critical temperature of the ORC fluid, and to vent the ORC fluid through the single inlet in the form of a supercritical fluid. The supercritical fluid is defined by the fact that the temperature is greater than the critical temperature and the pressure is greater than the critical pressure.
    [0012] [0012] According to another exemplary embodiment, a method for heating a Rankine Organic Cycle fluid includes: receiving in a heat exchanger from a source, in which the heat exchanger is configured to be mounted inside a duct and has a entrance, conduit and exit; receiving the ORC fluid as a pressurized liquid at the inlet that runs from an external side of the duct to an internal side of the duct; to release the ORC fluid in an almost critical region at the outlet that runs from the inside of the duct to the outside of the duct; and passing the ORC fluid through the duct between the inlet and the outlet, the duct being provided within the duct. The ORC fluid is heated to change from the pressurized liquid to an almost critical region. The quasi-critical region of the ORC fluid is described as an upper half of a curve connecting a triple point and a critical point for the ORC fluid, and the curve is defined by pressure values and temperature values that define boiling points for the ORC fluid. Brief Description Of Drawings
    [0013] [0013] The attached drawings illustrate exemplary achievements, in which: Figure 1 illustrates a conventional Rankine Cycle; Figure 2 illustrates a heat exchanger that uses an organic fluid disposed inside an exhaust duct; Figure 3 illustrates a generic phase shift diagram; Figure 4 illustrates a single pass heat exchanger according to exemplary embodiments; Figure 5 shows a single pass heat exchanger for subcritical and quasi-critical operations according to exemplary achievements; Figure 6 shows a single pass heat exchanger for subcritical and quasi-critical operations according to other exemplary achievements; Figure 7 illustrates an ORC cycle for a quasi-critical operation according to exemplary achievements; Figure 8 shows a vertical tube heat exchanger according to exemplary embodiments; Figure 9 shows a plate and fin type heat exchanger to be used in quasi-critical or super-critical operation according to exemplary achievements; Figure 10 is a flow chart illustrating steps to operate a heat exchanger in a supercritical region according to exemplary achievements; and Figure 11 is a flow chart illustrating steps to operate a heat exchanger in an almost critical region according to exemplary achievements. Description of Realizations of the Invention
    [0014] [0014] The following detailed description of the exemplary achievements refers to the attached drawings. The same reference numerals in different drawings identify the same or similar elements. Furthermore, the drawings are not necessarily drawn on the same scale. Furthermore, the following detailed description does not limit the invention. On the contrary, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. For simplicity, the following description refers to a heat exchanger that is positioned in a duct in which flue gases are passing. However, the heat source may be different, for example, geothermal water and the heat exchanger may not be positioned in a duct.
    [0015] [0015] The reference throughout the report to "an achievement" means that a particular aspect, structure or characteristic described in relation to an achievement is included in at least one achievement of the subject described. Thus, the expression "in an achievement" ”At various points throughout the report will not necessarily refer to the same achievement. In addition, particular aspects, structures or characteristics can be combined in any appropriate way into one or more achievements.
    [0016] [0016] As described in the fundamentals, and shown in Figure 1, a Rankine cycle can be used in secondary power generation systems to reuse some of the energy served from the hot exhaust gases of the primary power generation system. A primary system produces the bulk of the energy and at the same time loses energy. A secondary system can be used to capture a portion of the energy used from the primary system. An ORC system can be used in these power generation systems depending on system temperatures and other specifics of power generation systems. According to exemplary embodiments, ORC systems can be used for medium-sized gas turbine power generation systems to capture additional heat / energy from the hot flue gas. Examples of ORC fluids include, without limitation, pentane, propane, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, butane, a fluorine hydrocarbon such as R-254fa, a ketone such as acetone or an aromatic such as toluene or thiophene.
    [0017] [0017] According to exemplary embodiments, a single pass direct heat exchanger can be used to reduce size, cost and increase efficiency as illustrated in Figure 4. According to an exemplary embodiment, a 402 heat exchanger can have a single inlet 404 through an exhaust duct 406 and a single outlet 408 through an exhaust duct 406 and no other part of the heat exchanger 402 through an exhaust duct wall 406. This is opposed to the traditional heat exchanger shown in Figure 1 in which different parts of the heat exchanger communicate through the exhaust duct wall with other elements placed outside the exhaust duct. The hot discharge 410 may first contact the heat exchanger 402 near the outlet of the working fluid 408 and the cold exhaust gas 412 (or relatively cooler) can leave the heat exchanger 402 near the inlet of the working fluid 404. This Exemplary heat exchanger can be used with various service fluids in various pressure and temperature ranges. In addition, while showing the hot discharge 410 as the heat source in Figure 1, other heat sources can be used in exemplary embodiments described here, such as other hot gases and hot liquids, for example, geothermal brine.
    [0018] [0018] In addition, according to exemplary embodiments, the heat source fluid, for example, an exhaust gas or a liquid such as a geothermal brine stream, can operate in a counterflow path in relation to a flow from the ORC working fluid inside the heat exchanger pipe 402. Also, according to exemplary embodiments, using this single pass heat exchanger the ORC fluid is brought to a gaseous state (or supercritical fluid state) without the ORC fluid is taken out of the 406 duct, which is in contrast to the conventional system shown in Figure 1. For this reason, the new heat exchanger of this exemplary embodiment is called a single pass exchanger. For such a single pass exchanger to produce the ORC fluid in the supercritical fluid state, the dimensions of the heat exchanger are calculated based on the mass flow and the properties of the specific ORC fluid passing through it as well as the mass flow and temperature of the heat source medium used in the heat exchanger.
    [0019] [0019] According to an exemplary embodiment, the heat exchanger 402 can be operated in a supercritical region. In this exemplary case, the ORC fluid 414 enters the heat exchanger as a liquid or as an almost liquid at or above the critical pressure (Pc) for the type of ORC fluid used. It may be desirable that the pressure of the ORC working fluid when entering the heat exchanger 402 is higher than the critical pressure of the ORC fluid to compensate for the relatively small drops in pressure that can occur due to, for example, flow obstructions. The ORC fluid is heated as it travels through the tubing in the heat exchanger 402. Before leaving the heat exchanger 402, the ORC fluid reaches a temperature equal to or greater than the critical temperature (Tc) of the ORC fluid. Therefore, the outgoing ORC fluid 416 is, in this exemplary case, a supercritical ORC fluid. Depending on the ORC fluid used, the critical temperature can be approximately 240 ° C and the critical pressure can be approximately 45 bars.
    [0020] [0020] According to exemplary embodiments, several other types of heat exchangers can be used as a single pass exchanger shown in Figure 4. For example, examples of heat exchanger models may include, for supercritical ORC applications, but are not limited to, plate, plate and fin, hull and tube, compacted tube and fin, and continuous plate and fin tube heat exchangers. As these types of heat exchangers are known in the art, their description here is omitted. Also, this exemplary process can be expanded to run in series or in parallel to match the desired scale, capacity and temperature change. Thus, more than one conduit can be used between inlet 404 and outlet 408.
    [0021] [0021] According to another exemplary embodiment, single pass heat exchangers can be used in quasi-critical and subcritical ORC applications as shown in Figure 5. An quasi-critical ORC application can be defined by those points on curve 302 in Figure 3 that are in the upper half of the curve.
    [0022] [0022] In addition, according to exemplary achievements, quasi-critical points may also include those points that have pressures and temperatures that are around the critical point. With respect to Figure 5, a pressurized ORC liquid 514 enters heat exchanger 502 through an inlet 510 (although not shown, each inlet / outlet corresponds to a hole in the exhaust duct through the pipe) in a preheating section 504 of the heat exchanger 502. The preheating section 504 is located towards the end of the heat exchanger 502 where the exhaust gas from the refrigerator 520 exits the heat exchanger 502. The preheated liquid then moves to a boiler or 506 evaporator section for evaporation. After evaporation, the ORC steam continues to a 508 superheat step in the heat exchanger. In this exemplary embodiment, the evaporator section 506 is located between the preheat section 504 and the superheat section of the heat exchanger 502, with the superheat section 508 being located closer to the hot exhaust gas entry point. 518. After overheating, the superheated ORC steam 516 exits at outlet 512 of heat exchanger 502 and advances to the next stage of the power generation cycle, for example, expansion.
    [0023] [0023] According to an alternative exemplary embodiment, the location of the various heat exchange steps can occur in different places within the heat exchanger 502 as shown in Figure 6. In this alternative exemplary embodiment, the locations of the superheat section 508 and evaporator section 506 are reversed. This change results in the evaporator section being located closest to the hot exhaust gas inlet 318 in the heat exchanger 502. In addition, this change can change the relative exit point 512 of the heat exchanger 502 (and extraction duct (not shown)) of the superheated ORC vapor 516 as well as, in some exemplary cases, attenuating what would be excessive fluid temperatures under certain ORC fluid and exhaust conditions. This change in order within the 502 heat exchanger can be used in both subcritical and quasi-critical ORC systems.
    [0024] [0024] According to other exemplary realizations, several types of heat exchangers can implement the passage model at once, for subcritical and quasi-critical ORC systems, shown in Figures 4-6. For example, exemplary types of heat exchangers may include, but are not limited to, plate, vertical tube (as shown in Figure 8), plate fin (as shown in Figure 9), hull and tube and fin heat exchangers compact tubes. In addition, the single pass model of the single pass heat exchanger allows for the reduction of the cost (and space requirement) associated with the heat exchanger by removing several conventional intermediate steps, for example, a separator between evaporation and overheating, other storage steps, etc. Also, cost reductions can be achieved by a potential reduction in system maintenance and downtime due to reduced components when using this exemplary one-pass heat exchanger. According to exemplary embodiments, this exemplary process can be expanded to run in series or in parallel to achieve the desired capacity and scale.
    [0025] [0025] As described above, according to exemplary embodiments, a single pass heat exchanger can be used in quasi-critical and subcritical ORC systems. The quasi-critical ORC systems allow for some of the efficiency improvements obtained from the supercritical ORC systems while still using, as desired, the physical components of the less expensive subcritical systems. Quasi-critical ORC systems are configured to operate with combinations of pressures and temperatures across 10% of the top or 20% of the top or 50% of the top of the 302 curve (see Figure 3) connecting the triple point to the critical point for an ORC fluid and also at points described in the pressure versus temperature plane as having a pressure less than the critical pressure. Curve 302 defines the boiling point / condensation for the ORC fluid in the various pressure / temperature combinations. Thus, quasi-critical ORC systems are configured to operate in such a way that the pressure P of the medium is less than the Pc and the temperature T of the medium is less than Tc, in the preheating and evaporation phases. However, according to exemplary achievements, in some cases the pressure may be above the critical point value. After evaporation, for example, during overheating, T can become greater than Tc to create an overheated vapor as long as P remains less than Pc. According to alternative exemplary embodiments, quasi-critical ORC systems can also operate using conventional heat exchangers with piping entering and exiting the exhaust duct two or more times, for example, the piping exits to communicate the fluid with a separator and then provides the pure steam back into the duct.
    [0026] [0026] According to exemplary embodiments, an ORC fluid, for example, cyclopentane or isopentane, can be used in quasi-critical ORC power generation systems as described in relation to the 700 power generation system shown in Figure 7. In this For example, the critical point of the ORC fluid is defined by approximately 45 bars and 240 ° C. Starting with a pump 702 in the closed loop power generation system 700, the ORC fluid is received as a liquid of relatively low temperature and pressure, for example, 1 bar at 50 ° C and is pressurized to at least 40 bars (for example, comparison a standard subcritical ORC system will operate on its high pressure side of approximately 20 bars). This pressurized ORC fluid passes through a 704 stove and is heated to approximately 110 ° C before being received by a preheater section 708 of the heat exchanger 706. The heat exchanger receives, for example, an exhaust gas at 500 ° C, which heats the various stages of the heat exchanger 706. These stages may include the preheater 708 and a boiler / superheat section 710. Alternatively, other styles of heat exchangers can be used, for example, the heat exchangers single passages shown in Figures 5 and 6. After heating the ORC fluid, the exhaust gas exits the heat exchanger 706 at, for example, 120 ° C.
    [0027] [0027] As described above, the pressurized ORC fluid enters the preheater 708 and is moved to the boiler / superheater 710. When the ORC fluid reaches the heat exchanger at a pressure close to, but below, its critical pressure, it it is evaporated (and possibly superheated) to a temperature close to its critical temperature and the ORC fluid exits the heat exchanger as a high pressure steam or a superheated high pressure steam, for example, 40 bars and 250 ° C, and moves to turbine 712 for expansion and power generation. ORC steam exits turbine 712 at a lower pressure than that of ORC steam which entered turbine 712 and then passes through stove 704, which cools the steam. The ORC vapor then enters a condenser 714, is condensed into a liquid phase, and is returned to pump 702 as a low pressure liquid.
    [0028] [0028] Although various pressures and temperatures are shown in Figure 7, there may be some variations of these purely illustrative values that will not significantly change the system's ability to operate as desired. In addition, the type of exhaust generator can vary the inlet exhaust temperature, which can be compensated, for example, by increasing the length of the pipe used in the 708 heat exchanger. Also, various combinations of pressure and temperature can be used for different ORC fluids and / or when at different points in the near-critical point region.
    [0029] [0029] According to exemplary achievements, as described above, several heat exchanger models can be used in quasi-critical ORC systems. For example, a vertical tube bank heat exchanger 802, as shown in Figure 8 can be used. The vertical tube bank heat exchanger 802 can be mounted inside the exhaust duct 804. The vertical tube bank heat exchanger 802 includes a vertically oriented duct bank in which the ORC working fluid is vaporized, topped by a reactor that redistributes the unboiled liquid evenly between the tubes.
    [0030] [0030] According to exemplary achievements, an energy generation system using an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in a heat exchanger, includes: an entrance that crosses from an external side of an exhaust duct to an internal side of the duct exhaust; an outlet that runs from the inside of the exhaust duct to the outside of the exhaust duct; and a conduit directly and fluidly connecting the inlet to the outlet and configured to (i) receive an ORC fluid at a pressure higher than a critical pressure of the ORC fluid and increase an ORC fluid temperature above a critical ORC fluid temperature while the ORC fluid is inside the heat exchanger or (ii) receiving the ORC fluid and increasing the temperature of the ORC fluid to a subcritical value before releasing the ORC fluid from the heat exchanger. In addition, the length of the duct, or pipe, used to connect the inlet to the outlet can be a calculated length. Data to calculate this length can include, but is not limited to, various parameters, such as exhaust heat temperature, selected ORC fluid, pipe diameter, type of heat exchanger used, physical space limitation, fluid pressure at the inlet , fluid flow rates, operating range, for example, subcritical, quasi-critical or supercritical, and the like.
    [0031] [0031] According to another exemplary embodiment, the heat exchange in a power generation system using an ORC fluid may include receiving heat from a source in a heat exchanger, where the heat exchanger is a heat exchanger relatively inexpensive backflow or crossflow compact such as a plate heat exchanger or fin plate 902, as shown in Figure 9. As shown in Figure 9, an example plate heat exchanger 902 includes plate sections 904 , a fin section 906 with the direction of fluid flow shown by arrow 908. In addition, side bars can be used, as well as a series of plate and fin sections. However, various types of finned plate heat exchangers 902 can be used in the exemplary embodiments described herein.
    [0032] [0032] According to another exemplary embodiment, the heat exchanger 902 receives the fluid as a pressurized liquid at a pressure greater than or equal to a critical pressure of the ORC fluid at an inlet, discharging the ORC fluid in a supercritical phase at a outlet at the other end of the heat exchanger duct. Alternatively, the heat exchanger 902 can receive and discharge the ORC fluid at an almost critical pressure. In another respective duct, for example, an exhaust duct, the heating medium flows from an inlet to a respective opposite outlet as a liquid or gaseous heating medium from which heat is transferred through a wall in the other duct to the fluid ORC, thus cooling the heating medium. In these exemplary embodiments, when heating occurs in the supercritical or almost critical region, the volume occupied by the now relatively high pressure vapor results in a much lower pressure drop through the constricted passages of the compact heat exchangers such as the plate or plate type with fin, which makes plate or fin plate heat exchangers viable for these specific regions.
    [0033] [0033] Using these exemplary systems described above according to exemplary embodiments, a method for heat exchange is shown in the flow chart of Figure 10. Initially a method for performing a heat exchange on a power generation system using a fluid of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) includes: receiving heat from a source in a step 1002 in a heat exchanger, in which the heat exchanger is configured to be mounted entirely inside an exhaust duct, the heat exchanger having a single entrance, a conduit and a single exit; receiving the ORC fluid as a pressurized liquid in step 1004 at a pressure greater than or equal to a critical pressure of the ORC fluid at the single inlet that crosses from an external side of the exhaust duct to an internal side of the exhaust duct; discharge the ORC fluid in a supercritical phase in step 1006 at the single outlet that runs from an internal side of the exhaust duct to the external side of the exhaust duct; and passing the ORC fluid through the conduit between the single inlet and the single outlet in step 1008, while heating the ORC fluid to pass from a pressurized liquid phase to the supercritical phase. The heat exchanger is configured to heat the ORC fluid to a temperature greater than or equal to a critical temperature of the ORC fluid, and to release the ORC fluid through a single outlet as a supercritical fluid, and the supercritical fluid is defined by the fact the temperature is greater than the critical temperature and the pressure is greater than the critical pressure.
    [0034] [0034] Using these exemplary systems described above according to exemplary embodiments, a method for heating an ORC fluid is shown in the flowchart of Figure 11. A method for heating an organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) fluid in a heat exchanger includes: receiving heat from a source in a step 1102 in a heat exchanger, in which the heat exchanger is configured to be mounted inside a duct and has an inlet, duct and an outlet; receiving the ORC fluid as a pressurized liquid in step 1104 at the inlet that runs from an external side of the duct to an internal side of the duct; to release the ORC fluid in an almost critical region in step 1106 at the outlet that crosses from an internal side of the duct to the external side of the duct; and passing the ORC fluid through the duct between the inlet and the outlet in step 1108. The ORC fluid is heated to change from the pressurized liquid to the quasi-critical region, where the quasi-critical region of the ORC fluid is described as an upper half of a curve connecting the triple point to the critical point for the ORC fluid. The subcritical region of the ORC fluid is described as a lower half of a curve, and the curve is defined by the pressure values and temperature values that define boiling points for an ORC fluid.
    [0035] [0035] The exemplary systems described above are intended in all respects to be illustrative of the present invention, rather than restrictive. Thus, many variations of the present invention are possible in detailed implementation that can be derived from the description contained herein by a person skilled in the art. All of these variations and modifications are considered to be within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the following claims. No element, act, or instruction used in describing the present application should be interpreted as critical or essential to the invention unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the "one / one" article is intended to include one or more items.
    [0036] [0036] This written description uses examples of the revealed object to allow anyone with knowledge of the technique to practice the same, including producing and using any of the devices or systems and executing any of the incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the matter is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur for those of skill in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    SYSTEM FOR POWER GENERATION USING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE (ORC), the system comprising: a heat exchanger (402) configured to be entirely mounted within a duct (406), said heat exchanger (402) being configured to include: a single inlet (404) that crosses from an external side of said duct (406) to an internal side of said duct (406); a single outlet (408) that crosses said inner side of said duct (406) to said outer side of said duct (406); and a conduit between said single inlet and said single outlet, said conduit being provided entirely within said duct (406); characterized by said heat exchanger (402) is configured to receive an ORC fluid (414) at said single inlet as a pressurized liquid at a pressure greater than or equal to a critical pressure of said ORC fluid, to heat said ORC fluid to a temperature greater than or equal to a critical temperature of said ORC fluid, and to discharge said ORC fluid (416) through said single outlet as a supercritical fluid; and said supercritical fluid is defined by the fact that said temperature is greater than said critical temperature and said pressure is greater than said critical pressure.
    [0002]
    STEMA, according to claim 1, characterized by said critical pressure and critical temperature for said ORC fluid define a point at which said ORC fluid becomes supercritical.
    [0003]
    SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that said ORC fluid is selected from a group comprising pentane, propane, cyclohexane, butane, a fluorine hydrocarbon, a ketone, an aromatic, or a combination thereof.
    [0004]
    SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that said ORC fluid is heated to a temperature greater than or equal to said critical temperature of said ORC fluid within said duct without leaving said exhaust duct (406).
    [0005]
    SYSTEM according to claim 1, characterized in that said heat exchanger (402) is a plate or fin plate heat exchanger.
    [0006]
    SYSTEM FOR POWER GENERATION USING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE (ORC), the system comprising: a heat exchanger (402) configured to be mounted inside a duct (406), said heat exchanger (402) being configured to include: an inlet (404) that crosses an external side of said duct (406) to an inner side of said duct (406) and is configured to receive an ORC fluid; an outlet (408) that crosses said inner side of said duct (406) to said outer side of said duct (406), and is configured to vent said ORC fluid; and a conduit connecting said inlet to said outlet and configured to heat said ORC fluid, characterized by said heat exchanger (402) is configured to operate in an almost critical region of said ORC fluid; and said quasi-critical region of said ORC fluid, being described as an upper half of a curve connecting a triple point and a critical point for the ORC fluid, and the curve is defined by the pressure values and temperature values that define the points of boiling for ORC fluid.
    [0007]
    SYSTEM according to claim 6, characterized by said heat exchanger (402) further comprising: a pre-heating section (708) connected to said inlet and located towards a cooler end of said duct (406); an evaporator section (506) connected to said preheating section and located towards a warmer end of said duct (406), said evaporator section being configured to evaporate a pressurized liquid; an evaporation section connected to said heating section and located towards a warmer end of said duct (406), said evaporation section being configured to evaporate a pressurized liquid; and a superheat section (710) connected to said evaporation section and connected to said outlet, said superheat section being located between said preheat section and said evaporation section and said superheat section being configured to overheat steam from said evaporator section.
    [0008]
    SYSTEM, according to claim 6, characterized in that said quasi-critical region of said ORC fluid is described as having 20% of the upper part of said curve connecting said triple point and said critical point for ORC fluid.
    [0009]
    METHOD FOR PERFORMING A HEAT EXCHANGE IN AN ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM USING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE (ORC), the method characterized by understanding the steps of: receiving heat from a source (1002) in a heat exchanger, wherein said heat exchanger is configured to be mounted entirely within a duct, said heat exchanger having a single inlet, conduit and a single outlet; receiving said ORC fluid as a pressurized liquid (1004) at a pressure greater than or equal to a critical temperature of said ORC fluid at said single inlet running through an external side of said duct to an internal side of said duct; the outlet of said ORC fluid in a supercritical phase (1006) at said single outlet that crosses said inner side of said duct to said single outlet of said duct; and passing said ORC fluid through said conduit between said single inlet and said single outlet (1008), said conduit being entirely proportioned within said duct, while said ORC fluid is heated to change from said pressurized liquid to said supercritical fluid; wherein said heat exchanger is configured to heat said ORC fluid to a temperature greater than or equal to a critical temperature of said ORC fluid; and for the outlet of said ORC fluid through said single outlet as a supercritical fluid; and said supercritical fluid is defined by the fact that said temperature is greater than said critical temperature and said pressure is greater than said critical pressure.
    [0010]
    METHOD FOR HEATING A FLUID IN THE ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE (ORC) IN A HEAT EXCHANGER, the method characterized by understanding the steps of: receiving heat from a source (1102) in a heat exchanger, in which said heat exchanger is configured to be mounted inside a duct and has an inlet, duct and an outlet; receiving said ORC fluid as a pressurized liquid at said inlet (1104) passing through an external side of said duct to an internal side of said duct; the outlet of said ORC fluid in an almost critical region at said outlet (1106) that crosses said inner side of said duct to said outer side of said duct; and passing said ORC fluid through said conduit between said inlet and said outlet (1108), said conduit being provided entirely within said duct, while said ORC fluid is heated to change from said pressurized liquid to said region almost critical; wherein said quasi-critical region of said ORC fluid is described as an upper half of a curve connecting a triple point and a critical point for said ORC fluid; and said curve being defined by the pressure values and temperature values that define the boiling points for said ORC fluid.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112012012876B1|2020-09-08|SYSTEM FOR GENERATING ENERGY USING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE, METHOD FOR PERFORMING A HEAT EXCHANGE IN A POWER GENERATION SYSTEM USING AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AND METHOD FOR HEATING A FLUID IN THE ORANGE ORANGE ORANGE ORGANIC CYCLE A FLUID IN THE ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE IN A HEAT EXCHANGER
    JP2011064451A|2011-03-31|Direct evaporator apparatus and energy recovery system
    US20110100009A1|2011-05-05|Heat Exchanger for Direct Evaporation in Organic Rankine Cycle Systems and Method
    KR101135686B1|2012-04-13|Control method of Organic Rankine Cycle System flowemeter
    BR112013017908B1|2021-03-23|LUBRICATION METHOD OF AN EXPANSION MACHINE
    González-Gómez et al.2018|Transient thermo-mechanical analysis of steam generators for solar tower plants
    Chen et al.2020|Dynamic behavior of supercritical organic Rankine cycle using zeotropic mixture working fluids
    WO2016129451A1|2016-08-18|Heat exchanger, energy recovery device, and ship
    JP5123148B2|2013-01-16|Waste heat recovery turbine equipment
    EP2676008B1|2017-03-29|Apparatus and process for generation of energy by organic rankine cycle
    JP2019027338A|2019-02-21|Rankine cycle device
    JP6776190B2|2020-10-28|Thermal energy recovery device and thermal energy recovery method
    US9574808B2|2017-02-21|Active stress control during rapid shut down
    CN202902259U|2013-04-24|Small-sized dual-layer pipe sleeve type coiler desuperheater
    JP2020523549A|2020-08-06|System and method for removing the presence of droplets in a heat exchanger
    JP2020029779A|2020-02-27|Binary power generator and binary power generation method
    JP2014222033A|2014-11-27|Power generation system
    JP2019023432A|2019-02-14|Rankine cycle device
    JP2014227881A|2014-12-08|Power generation device
    JP2017141692A|2017-08-17|Waste heat recovery device
    JP2017155612A|2017-09-07|Waste heat recovery device
    TW201520500A|2015-06-01|Heat exchanger with preheating and evaporating functions and heat cycle system and method using the same
    CN103470323A|2013-12-25|Low-temperature power generation flow technology capable of realizing quasi-full-effect regenerative heating of casing steam turbine pump and waste heat platform
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20130133868A1|2013-05-30|
    BR112012012876B8|2020-09-24|
    CA2781926C|2017-10-10|
    BR112012012876A8|2020-07-28|
    AU2010325072A1|2012-06-14|
    IT1397145B1|2013-01-04|
    RU2561221C2|2015-08-27|
    CA2781926A1|2011-06-03|
    WO2011066089A1|2011-06-03|
    ITCO20090057A1|2011-06-01|
    AU2010325072B2|2016-05-26|
    CN102713168B|2016-04-13|
    RU2012121950A|2014-01-10|
    BR112012012876C8|2020-10-27|
    MX2012006238A|2012-09-07|
    CN102713168A|2012-10-03|
    EP2507483B1|2021-04-28|
    BR112012012876A2|2016-08-16|
    EP2507483A1|2012-10-10|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2301404A|1939-03-20|1942-11-10|Bradford B Holmes|Method of translating heat energy into motive power|
    FR1272098A|1960-08-08|1961-09-22|Closed thermodynamic cycle for the production of mechanical energy|
    FR2120322A5|1970-12-30|1972-08-18|Babcock Atlantique Sa|Thermal power generation - using pressurized heat carrier liquid to heat working fluid|
    DE3015307A1|1980-04-21|1981-10-22|Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden|METHOD FOR CONVERTING HEAT TO MECHANICAL ENERGY OR USEABLE HEAT|
    US4358930A|1980-06-23|1982-11-16|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy|Method of optimizing performance of Rankine cycle power plants|
    AU4650689A|1989-01-31|1990-08-24|Tselevoi Nauchno-Tekhnichesky Kooperativ `Stimer'|Method for converting thermal energy of a working medium into mechanical energy in a steam plant|
    RU2122642C1|1996-05-28|1998-11-27|Акционерное общество открытого типа "Энергетический научно-исследовательский институт им.Г.М.Кржижановского"|Combined-cycle steam power plant|
    RU2253917C2|2003-01-27|2005-06-10|Закрытое акционерное общество "Агентство регионального развития"|Mode of exploiting of an atomic steam-turbine plant and an installation for executing it|
    EP1512906A1|2003-09-03|2005-03-09|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Once-through steam generator of horizontal construction and method of operating said once-through steam generator|
    US7013644B2|2003-11-18|2006-03-21|Utc Power, Llc|Organic rankine cycle system with shared heat exchanger for use with a reciprocating engine|
    US20060112693A1|2004-11-30|2006-06-01|Sundel Timothy N|Method and apparatus for power generation using waste heat|
    US20060245944A1|2005-03-21|2006-11-02|Leck Thomas J|Cooling apparatus powered by a ratioed gear drive assembly|
    US7827791B2|2005-10-05|2010-11-09|Tas, Ltd.|Advanced power recovery and energy conversion systems and methods of using same|
    FI120557B|2005-12-30|2009-11-30|Mw Biopower Oy|Heat Exchanger Unit for recovering heat from a hot gas stream|
    US7464557B2|2006-02-15|2008-12-16|David Vandor|System and method for cold recovery|
    PL2021587T3|2006-05-15|2017-10-31|Granite Power Ltd|A method and system for generating power from a heat source|
    DE102006035272B4|2006-07-31|2008-04-10|Technikum Corporation, EVH GmbH|Method and device for using low-temperature heat for power generation|
    US20090277400A1|2008-05-06|2009-11-12|Ronald David Conry|Rankine cycle heat recovery methods and devices|US8646286B2|2010-12-30|2014-02-11|Pdx Technologies Llc|Refrigeration system controlled by refrigerant quality within evaporator|
    IT1404174B1|2011-02-18|2013-11-15|Exergy Orc S R L Ora Exergy S P A|PLANT AND PROCESS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGH ORGANIC CYCLE RANKINE|
    DE102011119977A1|2011-12-02|2013-06-06|Alena von Lavante|Device and method for using the waste heat of an internal combustion engine, in particular for using the waste heat of a vehicle engine|
    ITCO20110063A1|2011-12-14|2013-06-15|Nuovo Pignone Spa|CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM TO RECOVER HIDDEN HEAT|
    CN103244212A|2013-05-24|2013-08-14|成都昊特新能源技术有限公司|ORC electricity generation system for recycling exhaust smoke waste heat of gas turbine in compressor station and electricity generation method thereof|
    EP2843343B1|2013-08-26|2019-01-23|MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG|Method of operating a heat exchanger|
    TWI548807B|2013-12-06|2016-09-11|財團法人工業技術研究院|Organic rankine cycle system and operation mode changing mathod for sub-critical cycle and transcritical cycle|
    US9791188B2|2014-02-07|2017-10-17|Pdx Technologies Llc|Refrigeration system with separate feedstreams to multiple evaporator zones|
    RU2562745C1|2014-04-18|2015-09-10|Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" |Utilisation method of heat energy generated by thermal power plant|
    RU2562737C1|2014-05-06|2015-09-10|Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" |Method of recovery of heat energy generated by thermal power station|
    RU2562725C1|2014-05-06|2015-09-10|Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" |Utilisation method of thermal energy generated by thermal power plant|
    RU2562727C1|2014-05-06|2015-09-10|Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" |Utilisation method of thermal energy generated by thermal power station|
    RU2562728C1|2014-05-06|2015-09-10|Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" |Utilisation method of thermal energy generated by thermal power plant|
    RU2562743C1|2014-05-06|2015-09-10|Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный энергетический университет" |Method of recovery of heat energy generated by thermal power station|
    JP2017537253A|2014-10-21|2017-12-14|ブライト エナジー ストレージ テクノロジーズ，エルエルピーＢｒｉｇｈｔ Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ Ｓｔｏｒａｇｅ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ，ＬＬＰ|High temperature heat exchange and energy storageof concrete and pipes including temperature gradient control technology|
    CN108368751B|2015-11-13|2020-09-15|国际壳牌研究有限公司|Method of generating electricity using combined cycle|
    EP3216989A1|2016-03-11|2017-09-13|NEM Energy B.V.|Combined cycle power plant|
    US10502493B2|2016-11-22|2019-12-10|General Electric Company|Single pass cross-flow heat exchanger|
    CN111226074A|2017-10-03|2020-06-02|环境能源公司|Evaporator with integrated heat recovery|
    US11204190B2|2017-10-03|2021-12-21|Enviro Power, Inc.|Evaporator with integrated heat recovery|
    EP3620621A1|2018-09-07|2020-03-11|HENSOLDT Sensors GmbH|Apparatus and method for cooling an electronic assembly|
    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-10-08| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-06-30| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-09-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/11/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2020-09-24| B16C| Correction of notification of the grant|Free format text: REFERENTE AO DESPACHO 16.1 PUBLICADO NA RPI 2592 DE 08/09/2020, QUANTO AO TITULO |
    2020-10-27| B16C| Correction of notification of the grant|Free format text: REFERENTE AO DESPACHO 16.1 PUBLICADO NA RPI 2592 DE 08.09.2020, QUANDO AO ENDERECO DO TITULAR |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ITCO2009A000057|2009-11-30|
    ITCO2009A000057A|IT1397145B1|2009-11-30|2009-11-30|DIRECT EVAPORATOR SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RANKINE ORGANIC CYCLE SYSTEMS.|
    PCT/US2010/055786|WO2011066089A1|2009-11-30|2010-11-08|Direct evaporator system and method for organic rankine cycle systems|
    [返回顶部]